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BOOK II CHAPTER I The custom of ancient republics to plant colonies, and the advantage of it-Increased population tends to make countries more healthy-Origin of Florence-Aggrandizement of Florence-Origin of the name of Florence-Destruction of Florence by Totila-The Florentines take Fiesole-The first division in Florence, and the cause of it-Buondelmonti-Buondelmonti slain-Guelphs and Ghibellines in Florence-Guelphic families-Ghibelline families-The two factions come to terms. Among the great and wonderful institutions of the republics and principalities of antiquity that have now gone into disuse, was that by means of which towns and cities were from time to time established; and there is nothing more worthy the attention of a great prince, or of a well-regulated republic, or that confers so many advantages upon a province, as the settlement of new places, where men are drawn together for mutual accommodation and defense. This may easily be done, by sending people to reside in recently acquired or uninhabited countries. Besides causing the establishment of new cities, these removals render a conquered country more secure, and keep the inhabitants of a province properly distributed. Thus, deriving the greatest attainable comfort, the inhabitants increase rapidly, are more prompt to attack others, and defend themselves with greater assurance. This custom, by the unwise practice of princes and republics, having gone into desuetude, the ruin and weakness of territories has followed; for this ordination is that by which alone empires are made secure, and countries become populated. Safety is the result of it; because the colony which a prince establishes in a newly acquired country, is like a fortress and a guard, to keep the inhabitants in fidelity and obedience.
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